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CSS Introduction

CSS, or Cascading Style Sheets, is a style sheet language used to describe the presentation of a document written in HTML or XML. It controls the layout, colors, fonts, and overall look of a web page. Here’s a basic introduction to CSS with examples:

1. CSS Syntax

CSS consists of selectors and declarations. The basic syntax is:

selector {
  property: value;
}

Selector: Targets the HTML element you want to style.
Property: The aspect of the element you want to change (e.g., color, font-size).
Value: The value you want to apply to the property.

2. Adding CSS to HTML

There are three main ways to include CSS in an HTML document:

Inline CSS: Directly within an HTML element using the style attribute.
```
This is a blue text.
```

Internal CSS: Within a <style> block in the <head> section of the HTML document.

<html>
<head>
  <style>
    p {
      color: green;
      font-size: 18px;
    }
  </style>
</head>
<body>
  <p>This is a green text.</p>
</body>
</html>

External CSS: In a separate CSS file linked to the HTML document.

<!-- HTML file -->
<html>
<head>
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css">
</head>
<body>
  <p>This is a styled text.</p>
</body>
</html>

/* styles.css */
p {
  color: red;
  font-size: 20px;
}

3. Basic CSS Properties

Here are some common properties you can use:

Color: Sets the color of the text.
```
p {
  color: red;
}
```
Font Size: Adjusts the size of the text.
```
p {
  font-size: 18px;
}
```
Background Color: Sets the background color of an element.
```
div {
  background-color: lightgrey;
}
```
Margin: Adds space outside the element's border.
```
p {
  margin: 20px;
}
```
Padding: Adds space inside the element's border.
```
p {
  padding: 10px;
}
```
Border: Adds a border around the element.
```
p {
  border: 1px solid black;
}
```

4. CSS Selectors

Selectors are patterns used to select the elements you want to style. Here are a few examples:

Element Selector: Targets elements by their name.
```
p {
  color: blue;
}
```
Class Selector: Targets elements with a specific class attribute. Prefixed with a ..
```
This is important.
```
```
.important {
 font-weight: bold;
}
```
ID Selector: Targets an element with a specific id attribute. Prefixed with a #.
```
This is unique.
```
```
#unique {
 color: orange;
}
```

5. Combining Selectors

You can combine selectors to apply styles to more specific elements.

Class and Element Selector:
```
.highlighted p {
  color: yellow;
}
```
Descendant Selector:
```
div p {
  color: grey;
}
```

Conclusion

CSS allows you to separate content from design, making it easier to manage and style your web pages. By understanding the basic syntax and properties, you can start creating visually appealing and well-structured web pages.

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