What are Conditionals in Java?

Conditionals control the flow of your Java code based on whether a condition is true or false.

Types of Conditionals in Java:

1️⃣ if Statement

if (condition) {
    // executes if condition is true
}

Example:

int age = 18;

if (age >= 18) {
    System.out.println("You are an adult.");
}

2️⃣ if-else Statement

if (condition) {
    // executes if condition is true
} else {
    // executes if condition is false
}

Example:

int score = 45;

if (score >= 50) {
    System.out.println("Pass.");
} else {
    System.out.println("Fail.");
}

3️⃣ if-else if-else (Nested Conditionals)

if (condition1) {
    // executes if condition1 is true
} else if (condition2) {
    // executes if condition2 is true
} else {
    // executes if none are true
}

Example:

int marks = 85;

if (marks >= 90) {
    System.out.println("Grade A.");
} else if (marks >= 80) {
    System.out.println("Grade B.");
} else if (marks >= 70) {
    System.out.println("Grade C.");
} else {
    System.out.println("Grade D.");
}

4️⃣ Switch Statement

switch (variable) {
    case value1:
        // executes if variable == value1
        break;
    case value2:
        // executes if variable == value2
        break;
    default:
        // executes if none match
}

Example:

int day = 3;

switch (day) {
    case 1:
        System.out.println("Monday.");
        break;
    case 2:
        System.out.println("Tuesday.");
        break;
    case 3:
        System.out.println("Wednesday.");
        break;
    default:
        System.out.println("Unknown day.");
}