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Grid Classes: col-, col-sm-, col-md-, col-lg-, col-xl-
In Bootstrap 4, the grid system is a powerful and flexible layout system based on a 12-column layout. It enables you to design responsive web pages with ease. Here are the key classes and concepts of the Bootstrap 4 grid system, along with examples:
Basic Grid Classes
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Container
.container
: Provides a responsive fixed-width container..container-fluid
: Provides a full-width container, spanning the entire width of the viewport.
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Row
.row
: Used to create a horizontal group of columns.
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Columns
.col
: Automatically adjusts to equal width of the columns in a row..col-[number]
: Specifies the number of columns to span (e.g.,.col-6
for half the width)..col-[breakpoint]-[number]
: Specifies the number of columns to span for a specific breakpoint (e.g.,.col-md-4
).
Breakpoints
.col-sm-[number]
: For small devices (≥576px).col-md-[number]
: For medium devices (≥768px).col-lg-[number]
: For large devices (≥992px).col-xl-[number]
: For extra large devices (≥1200px)
Examples
- Basic Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Bootstrap Grid</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.5.2/css/bootstrap.min.css">
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col">Column 1</div>
<div class="col">Column 2</div>
<div class="col">Column 3</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
In this example, each column will take up an equal part of the row.
- Specifying Column Width
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-4">Column 1 (4/12)</div>
<div class="col-4">Column 2 (4/12)</div>
<div class="col-4">Column 3 (4/12)</div>
</div>
</div>
Each column takes up one-third of the row.
- Responsive Columns
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-sm-6 col-md-4 col-lg-3">Responsive Column 1</div>
<div class="col-sm-6 col-md-4 col-lg-3">Responsive Column 2</div>
<div class="col-sm-6 col-md-4 col-lg-3">Responsive Column 3</div>
<div class="col-sm-6 col-md-4 col-lg-3">Responsive Column 4</div>
</div>
</div>
Here, each column adjusts its width based on the screen size:
- Small devices: 50% width (6/12)
- Medium devices: 33.33% width (4/12)
- Large devices: 25% width (3/12)
- Offsetting Columns
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 offset-md-4">Centered Column</div>
</div>
</div>
This example centers a column in the middle of the row by offsetting it.
- Nesting Columns
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-8">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-6">Nested Column 1</div>
<div class="col-md-6">Nested Column 2</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-4">Column 2</div>
</div>
</div>
Nesting allows you to create more complex layouts within a column.
These examples cover the basic usage of the Bootstrap 4 grid system. By combining different classes and breakpoints, you can create a wide variety of responsive layouts.
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